The new paradigm was, inevitably, involve major reform that includes a policy change that is more open, transparent, and accountable. With the reform and changes to university can serve more diverse needs for more people with education services, methods, and delivery of education based on the type and new forms of relations with the community and other sectors of society more broadly.
The
new paradigm of Higher Education present in Indonesia into the framework and
foundation of the development of Higher Education is the result of the
discussion and formulation that has been done for a long time both at national
and international levels. Once again the College of Islamic Religion (PTAI) as
an integral part of the national education system can not escape from the
formulations that develop from time to time.
Review of performance of Higher Education in a comprehensive manner, which generates new ideas and concepts on the development of Higher Education, we can see for example in the framework proposed by D.A.
Tisna Amijaya. Before providing a framework College of long-term development, he identified five major problems facing universities in general:
Review of performance of Higher Education in a comprehensive manner, which generates new ideas and concepts on the development of Higher Education, we can see for example in the framework proposed by D.A.
Tisna Amijaya. Before providing a framework College of long-term development, he identified five major problems facing universities in general:
1.
The low productivity,
2.
The capacity limitations,
3.
The limited ability of developing,
4.
The imbalance between various universities,
5.
The unequal distribution in the fields of science that are provided College,
particularly among the social sciences and humanities with the exact sciences.
To overcome this drawback, Amijaya propose five major programs:
To overcome this drawback, Amijaya propose five major programs:
1.
The increase in productivity College,
2.
The increase in capacity,
3.
The improvement of service to the community,
4.
The increase in scientific fields of exact sciences or science and technology,
5.
The increase in developing capability.
This
long-term plan from the beginning was referred to as the new paradigm of Higher
Education. This new paradigm is basically aiming to redefine the role of the
state and universities, making it possible for universities to develop better.
The new paradigm was also intended to provide guidelines for the development of
new mechanisms to strengthen the College, such as planning on the basis of the
principle of decentralization, the ongoing evaluation of the quality, and others.
The role of countries experiencing significant changes with a reduction of the role of government. The government is conceptually and practically no longer a central institution that sets all the provisions in detail or centrally control the entire motion and dynamics of Higher Education. The government in the new paradigm that only provide a basic framework, provide incentives for human and financial resources can be allocated to the most important priorities of the College, and encourage any College improve its quality standards.
The role of countries experiencing significant changes with a reduction of the role of government. The government is conceptually and practically no longer a central institution that sets all the provisions in detail or centrally control the entire motion and dynamics of Higher Education. The government in the new paradigm that only provide a basic framework, provide incentives for human and financial resources can be allocated to the most important priorities of the College, and encourage any College improve its quality standards.
Re-defining
the new paradigm of Higher Education at the national level to get a thrust with
the monetary crisis, economics, and politics in Indonesia since late 1997. The
crisis is also greatly affected the world of education at all levels, is not
inevitable extension of the concept also encourages the development of a new
paradigm of Higher Education , so it is included in the concept of national
education reform as a whole.
like philosophy and education policy nationwide, community-based education system, empowering teachers and educational staff, school-based management, the implementation of a new paradigm of Higher Education and the education financing system.
like philosophy and education policy nationwide, community-based education system, empowering teachers and educational staff, school-based management, the implementation of a new paradigm of Higher Education and the education financing system.
To clarify the vision and action of Higher Education as defined UNESCO, is highly relevant to the new paradigm of universities in Indonesia, here are some important parts of the UNESCO Declaration:
1. The mission and functions of Higher
Education, that the mission and principal value of Higher Education is to contribute
to sustainable development and the development of society as a whole. More
specifically is to educate students and citizens to meet the needs of all
sectors of human activity by offering relevant qualifications, including
education and professional training which combines science and high-level
expertise through courses that continue to be designed, evaluated steadily, and
continuously developed to address various the needs of society today and the
future.
2. Provide opportunities for enthusiasts to
acquire higher education throughout the ages. Universities have a mission and
functions of the prosecution of science gives the optimal number of options and
flexibility to get into and out of the education system. Universities must also
provide opportunities for individual development and social mobility for
education for citizenship and active participation in society. By doing so,
students will have a global vision, and also have the capacity to build
grounded.
3. To promote, create and disseminate knowledge
through research and provide relevant expertise to assist the general public in
the development of cultural, social and economic, to develop research in the
field of science and technology, social sciences, humanities and creative arts.
4. Helping to understand, interpret, preserve,
strengthen, develop, and deploy a national historical cultural, regional and
international levels in pluralism and cultural diversity.
5. helps to protect and strengthen social values
to instill in young people the values that form the basis of democratic
citizenship.
6. Contribute to the development and improvement
of education at all hierarchically, including the training of teachers.
Universities should make the student
as a center or orientation in all its activities. Higher Education policy
makers at national and institutional levels should make the students as the
center and sees them as a key partner and is the most important stakeholders in
the renewal and reform of Higher Education.
The new paradigm of Higher Education in this context is the involvement of students on matters concerning levels of education, evaluation, renovation of teaching methods and curricula, and even in the formulation of the institutional framework of Higher Education, wisdom and management of higher education. The more so because the students have a right to organize and represent themselves, their involvement in such matters must be assured.
In the context of the formulation of the concept of the development of universities in Indonesia can refer to the formulation of the Ministry of National Education:
The new paradigm of Higher Education in this context is the involvement of students on matters concerning levels of education, evaluation, renovation of teaching methods and curricula, and even in the formulation of the institutional framework of Higher Education, wisdom and management of higher education. The more so because the students have a right to organize and represent themselves, their involvement in such matters must be assured.
In the context of the formulation of the concept of the development of universities in Indonesia can refer to the formulation of the Ministry of National Education:
1.
Self-reliance is greater in the management or autonomy. The widest possible
autonomy or at least greater autonomy, autonomy not only in terms of management
managerially, but also in terms of the determination or selection of the
curriculum in the context of the adjustment of Higher Education with the
working world or market needs. Thus College serves in addition to improving the
quality of human resources to master science and technology, social sciences
and humanities, but also had to develop all these fields through research and
development.
2.
Accountability, not just in terms of utilization of financial resources in a
more responsible, but also in the development of scientific, educational
content and programs are held. Accountability is not just in the government as
the supervisor of education or providers of funds and other resources, but also
to the public and other stakeholders are put on and take advantage of
university graduates and the results of the development of various fields of
science. Therefore, here is also related accountability to the professional
world, and the wider community.
3. guarantee
greater interest in quality through internal evaluations were done continuously
and substansibility, and external evaluation is operated National Accreditation
Board (BAN). BAN must improve its function by determining the standards more
flexible and dynamic or not rigid, so that it remains possible for universities
to make changes and adjustments to the demands and needs of the workforce,
should also involve more elements of the stakeholders in the organization, thus
enabling assessment and the recognition of real community, which is concerned
with the results of Higher Education.
In accordance with the spirit of the
new paradigm of universities in Indonesia, especially autonomy and vision
development. Framework for the development of Islamic Religion (PTAI) in
addition based on a divine mission to unearth the values of all Islama in
Indonesia should also be based on considerations of the conditions and
circumstances surrounding them.
There are some fundamental issues facing the Islamic Religion (PTAI) in Indonesia in its development over the years. Some of these issues are as follows:
There are some fundamental issues facing the Islamic Religion (PTAI) in Indonesia in its development over the years. Some of these issues are as follows:
1. College of Islamic Religion (PTAI) do not
play an optimal role in the academic world, the bureaucracy and the people of
Indonesia as a whole. Among the three environments, it seems the role of
Islamic Religion (PTAI) greater in the community, because the strong
orientation to propaganda rather than the development of science.
2. Curriculum College of Islamic Religion (PTAI)
has not been able to respond to the development of science and technology and
increasingly complex societal changes. This is largely because the field of
religious studies which is the specialization of Islamic Religion (PTAI)
experience less interaction with the general sciences, even still tend dichotomous.
Curriculum College of Islamic Religion (PTAI) is still too heavy on the
sciences of normative, while the general sciences that can lead the student to
the way of thinking and approach to more empirical and contextual still seems
to be inadequate.
Islamic
Universities serve as a forum to empower Muslims in aspects of their lives, the
lives of the wider aspects of what we understand let alone only in terms of
Islamic education as fostering generations of theologians. Historically, the
College of Islamic Religion (PTAI) is an effort to meet the demanding needs of
the community of Islamic higher education, not just accommodation ruler of the
Islamic group, Islamic Religion (PTAI) are expected to accommodate the needs,
the role and the presence of Muslim communities in various aspects diverse
life.
Changes in social, economic, political, religious understanding, a shift in values and lifestyle continues to grow massively dynamic so that it becomes a challenge for the Islamic Religion (PTAI) to address those changes. such as the development of Faculty of Islamic Studies into the College of Islamic Religion of State, then other people's expectations founded the Academy of the Department of Theology (ADIA) to educate civil servants in the environment ministry of religion in order to become a religious scholar. [9] Until finally the union between STAIN and ADIA become State Islamic Institute (IAIN) and based in Yogyakarta.
Changes in social, economic, political, religious understanding, a shift in values and lifestyle continues to grow massively dynamic so that it becomes a challenge for the Islamic Religion (PTAI) to address those changes. such as the development of Faculty of Islamic Studies into the College of Islamic Religion of State, then other people's expectations founded the Academy of the Department of Theology (ADIA) to educate civil servants in the environment ministry of religion in order to become a religious scholar. [9] Until finally the union between STAIN and ADIA become State Islamic Institute (IAIN) and based in Yogyakarta.
New
challenges IAIN to College of Islamic Religion (PTAI) capable of responding to global
challenges, facing an increasingly complex society, the development of science
and technology is more advanced, demanding IAIN back to translate the
challenges and opportunities of the new ideas and transformation IAIN to UIN
will a struggle which is very heavy, will face the pros and cons in the
community.
Departing from the various problems facing the Islamic Religion (PTAI) such as reductions in the public interest to put their children in religious programs, the pattern of life that leads to the needs of the economy and employment, graduates of religious programs deemed not able to compete in the world of work and various problematic more. To respond to changing global society, the world of work and the progress of science and technology of Islamic Religion (PTAI) must also change the orientation and vision of scientific development and be able to seize opportunities present, idea IAIN to be UIN is beginning to make the College of Islamic Religion (PTAI ) to compete in the global era.
Departing from the various problems facing the Islamic Religion (PTAI) such as reductions in the public interest to put their children in religious programs, the pattern of life that leads to the needs of the economy and employment, graduates of religious programs deemed not able to compete in the world of work and various problematic more. To respond to changing global society, the world of work and the progress of science and technology of Islamic Religion (PTAI) must also change the orientation and vision of scientific development and be able to seize opportunities present, idea IAIN to be UIN is beginning to make the College of Islamic Religion (PTAI ) to compete in the global era.
